Star and mesh topology are the types of the topologies where star topology comes under the peer-to-peer transmission and mesh topology works as a primary-secondary transmission. However, these topologies mainly differ in the physical and logical arrangement of the connected devices. The star topology organises the devices around the central controller known as the hub. On the other hand, the mesh topology connects each device to another device with a point-to-point link. Content: Star Topology … [Read more...]

When the multimedia is transferred across the network, it needs the variable bandwidth and distinct traffic types which is known as the heterogeneous service. To deliver these services the high transmission rate is required, and different bit rates must be combined. These characteristics are achieved by distinct techniques known as frame relay and ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode). The difference between frame relay and ATM lies in the speed of transmission, efficiency, accurate delivery of the … [Read more...]

Stop-and-wait protocol and Sliding window protocol are the methods evolved for handling the flow control of the network data transfers. These methods mainly differentiated by the techniques they follow such as stop-and-wait uses the concept of the acknowledging each data unit before sending another data unit. Conversely, sliding window protocol allows the transition of the several data units before sending an acknowledgement. Among the two protocols, the sliding window protocol is more … [Read more...]

The major difference between HDLC and PPP is that HDLC is the bit oriented protocol, while PPP is the character-oriented protocol. The HDLC and PPP are the crucial data link layer protocols used in WAN (wide area network) where the HDLC can also be implemented with PPP for the efficient results. HDLC describes the encapsulation technique employed on the data in the synchronous serial data link. On the other hand, the PPP protocol deals with the encapsulation of the data transported in the … [Read more...]

The SIP and VoIP are the technologies work for enabling any type of communication over the internet. However, the VoIP is separately used for IP telephony, but SIP is the protocol which handles the overall exchange of multimedia. More specifically, the SIP signalling protocol is the way to standardise the VoIP or IP telephony. The SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is used to set up the internet telephone calls, video conferencing and other multimedia connections. On the other hand, the Voice … [Read more...]

IGRP (Interior Gateway Routing Protocol) and EIGRP (Enhanced EIGRP) are the two routing protocols used in routing operations. The IGRP is a distance vector interior gateway routing protocols, but the EIGRP incorporates the features of the link state routing with the distance vector routing protocol. There are several differences between the IGRP and EIGRP, priorly IGRP employs a classful routing method while EIGRP is a classless routing protocol. EIGRP provides better support for the vast scale … [Read more...]

The circuit switching and message switching are the distinct techniques employed to connect multiple devices with each other dedicatedly. The significant difference between the circuit switching and message switching is that the circuit switching constructs a dedicated physical connection between the two devices involved in the communication. On the other side, the message switching technique uses a store and forward mechanism for enabling the interaction between the sender and the … [Read more...]

The Hub and Switch are the networking devices which appear to be similar and physically used as a star topology. However, there are several differences between Hub and switch. The prior difference is that logically the hub works like a bus where the same signal is transmitted to all the connections. On the other hand, the switch can provide the communication between any pair of ports. As a result, all the ports in the hub belong to the same collision domain while in switch the ports are operated … [Read more...]

Substitution technique and transposition technique are the fundamental methods of codifying the plaintext message to acquire the respective ciphertext. These two methods are the basic building blocks of the encryption techniques and can also be used together, which is called a product cipher. The essential difference between the substitution technique and transpositional technique is that the substitution technique substitutes the letters of the plaintext from other letters, number and … [Read more...]

Network security has become a crucial part of the modern communication system. The need for network security was arisen to sustain the confidentiality and integrity of the data and guard it against the unauthorised access. The steganography and cryptography are the two sides of a coin where the steganography hides the traces of communication while cryptography uses encryption to make the message incomprehensible. The steganography does not employ changes in the structure of the message. On … [Read more...]