Substitution technique and transposition technique are the fundamental methods of codifying the plaintext message to acquire the respective ciphertext. These two methods are the basic building blocks of the encryption techniques and can also be used together, which is called a product cipher. The essential difference between the substitution technique and transpositional technique is that the substitution technique substitutes the letters of the plaintext from other letters, number and … [Read more...]

Network security has become a crucial part of the modern communication system. The need for network security was arisen to sustain the confidentiality and integrity of the data and guard it against the unauthorised access. The steganography and cryptography are the two sides of a coin where the steganography hides the traces of communication while cryptography uses encryption to make the message incomprehensible. The steganography does not employ changes in the structure of the message. On … [Read more...]

Jitter and latency are the characteristics attributed to the flow in the application layer. The jitter and latency are used as the metrics to measure the performance of the network. The main difference between the jitter and latency lies within their definition where latency is nothing but a delay through the network whereas the jitter is variation in the amount of the latency. The increase in latency and jitter have the adverse effect on the network performance, so it is essential to monitor … [Read more...]

The cloud computing works in a consolidated manner, and the big data comes under the cloud computing. The crucial difference between cloud computing and big data is that cloud computing is used to handle the huge storage capacity, (big data) through extending the computing and storage resources. On the other side, big data is nothing but an enormous amount of the unstructured, redundant and noisy data and information from which the useful knowledge have to be extracted. To perform the above … [Read more...]

Both the Firewall and the Proxy server reside between the network and the local computer which provides the security against the network threats. The firewall and proxy server works in conjunction. Firewall functions at a lower level and can filter all types of IP packets while the proxy server deals with the application level traffic and filter the requests coming from the unknown client. A proxy server can be considered as a part of the firewall. A firewall basically prevents the access of … [Read more...]

H.323 and SIP are specifically known for the IP signalling standards. The H.323 and SIP describe multimedia communication systems and protocols. These protocol suites differ in many ways. Essentially, H.323 is derived by ITU before the advent of SIP while SIP is acknowledged by IETF standard. IP telephony (Voice over IP) was evolved to implement cost savings, which actually produces from regulative taxes levied on long distances voice calls. This type of additional charge is not pertinent to … [Read more...]

LAN (Local Area Network) is a collection of network devices which employ the communications between the connected devices. Similarly, VLAN (Virtual LAN) is a type of LAN which enhances the capabilities of a flat LAN. Now, how these can be differentiated? There are major differences between LAN and VLAN such as LAN work on single broadcast domain while VLAN works in a multiple broadcast domain. VLAN can combine the end station having similar requirement irrespective of their physical location … [Read more...]

PCM and DPCM are the procedures used for transforming analog signal into digital. These methods are different as the PCM represents sample value by code words whereas in DPCM the original and sample values depend on previous samples. The conversion of analog-to-digital signal is beneficial for many applications because the digital signals are less susceptible to noise. The digital communication system provides better performance, reliability, security, efficiency and system integration. PCM … [Read more...]

An Ethernet is primarily a group of LAN technologies which are covered in IEEE 802.3 u standard. The ethernet is easily maintained and managed and considered to be low-cost network implementation solution. It comes in three variations, 10Base-T ethernet, fast ethernet and gigabit ethernet. The main difference between fast ethernet and gigabit ethernet is the contradicting speed where fast ethernet provides at maximum 100 Mbps of data transmission speed whereas gigabit ethernet offers high-speed … [Read more...]

Subnetting is the technique of partitioning a large network into smaller networks. On the other hand, the supernetting is the method used for combining the smaller ranges of addresses into larger space. Supernetting was devised to make the routing process more convenient. Additionally, it reduces the size of routing table information so that it could consume less space in the router's memory. The well-defined method for the subnetting is FLSM and VLSM while for supernetting CIDR is … [Read more...]