Difference Between Bubble Sort and Selection Sort

Sorting is one of the major task in computer programs in which the elements of an array are arranged in some particular order. Sorting makes searching easier. Bubble sort and Selection sort are the sorting algorithms which can be differentiated through the methods they use for sorting. Bubble sort essentially exchanges the elements whereas selection sort performs the sorting by selecting the element.

Another considerable difference between the two is that bubble sort is stable algorithm while selection sort is an unstable algorithm. An algorithm is considered to be steady the elements with the same key occurring in the same order as they were occurring before sorting in the list or array. Generally, most stable and fast algorithms use additional memory.

Content: Bubble Sort Vs Selection Sort

1. Comparison Chart
2. Definition
3. Key Differences
4. Conclusion

Comparison Chart

Basis for comparison	Bubble sort	Selection sort
Basic	Adjacent element is compared and swapped	Largest element is selected and swapped with the last element (in case of ascending order).
Best case time complexity	O(n)	O(n2)
Efficiency	Inefficient	Improved efficiency as compared to bubble sort
Stable	Yes	No
Method	Exchanging	Selection
Speed	Slow	Fast as compared to bubble sort

Definition of Bubble Sort

Bubble sort is the simplest iterative algorithm operates by comparing each item or element with the item next to it and swapping them if needed. In simple words, it compares the first and second element of the list and swaps it unless they are out of specific order. Similarly, Second and third element are compared and swapped, and this comparing and swapping go on to the end of the list.

The number of comparisons in the first iteration are n-1 where n is the number elements in an array. The largest element would be at nth position after the first iteration. And after each iteration, the number of comparisons decreases and at last iteration only one comparison takes place.

This algorithm is the slowest sorting algorithm. The best case complexity (When the list is in order) of the Bubble sort is of order n (O(n)), and worst case complexity is O(n²). In the best case, it is of order n because it just compares the elements and doesn’t swap them. This technique also requires additional space to store the temporary variable.

Definition of Selection Sort

Selection sort has achieved slightly better performance and is efficient than bubble sort algorithm. Suppose we want to arrange an array in ascending order then it functions by finding the largest element and exchanging it with the last element, and repeat the following process on the sub-arrays till the whole list is sorted. In selection sort, the sorted and unsorted array doesn’t make any difference and consumes an order of n² (O(n²)) in both best and worst case complexity. Selection sort is faster than Bubble sort.

Conclusion

Bubble sort algorithm is considered to be the most simple and inefficient algorithm, but selection sort algorithm is efficient as compared to bubble sort. Bubble sort also consumes additional space for storing temporary variable and needs more swaps.