Difference Between OOP and POP (with Comparison Chart)

OOP AND POPs Procedure-oriented Programming(POP) and Object-oriented programming(OOP) both are the programming approaches, which uses high-level language for programming. A program can be written in both the languages, but if the task is highly complex, OOP operates well as compared to POP. In POP, the ‘data security’ is at risk as data freely moves in the program, as well as, ‘code reusability’ is not achieved which makes the programming lengthy, and hard to understand.

Large programs lead to more bugs, and it increases the time of debugging. All these flaws lead to a new approach, namely “object-oriented programming”. In object-oriented programming’s primary concern is given on ‘data security’; it binds the data closely to the functions which operate on it.

It also resolves the problem of ‘code reusability’, as if a class is created, its multiple instances(objects) can be created which reuses the members and member functions defined by a class. There are some other differences which can be explained with the help of a comparison chart.

Comparison Chart

Basis For comparison	POP	OOP
Basic	Procedure/Structure oriented .	Object oriented.
Approach	Top-down.	Bottom-up.
Basis	Main focus is on "how to get the task done" i.e. on the procedure or structure of a program .	Main focus is on 'data security'. Hence, only objects are permitted to access the entities of a class.
Division	Large program is divided into units called functions.	Entire program is divided into objects.
Entity accessing mode	No access specifier observed.	Access specifier are "public", "private", "protected".
Overloading or Polymorphism	Neither it overload functions nor operators.	It overloads functions, constructors, and operators.
Inheritance	Their is no provision of inheritance.	Inheritance achieved in three modes public private and protected.
Data hiding & security	There is no proper way of hiding the data, so data is insecure	Data is hidden in three modes public, private, and protected. hence data security increases.
Data sharing	Global data is shared among the functions in the program.	Data is shared among the objects through the member functions.
Friend functions or friend classes	No concept of friend function.	Classes or function can become a friend of another class with the keyword "friend". Note: "friend" keyword is used only in c++
Virtual classes or virtual function	No concept of virtual classes .	Concept of virtual function appear during inheritance.
Example	C, VB, FORTRAN, Pascal	C++, JAVA, VB.NET, C#.NET.

Definition of Object-oriented programming(OOP)

OOP’s chief concern is to hide the data from non-member functions of a class, which it treats like “critical information”. Data is closely tied to the member functions of a class, which operates on it. It doesn’t allow any non-member function to modify the data inside it. Objects interact with each other through member functions to access their data.

OOP is developed on the basic concept of “object”, “classes”, “data encapsulation or abstraction”,” inheritance”, and “Polymorphism or overloading”. In OOP, programs can be divided into modules by partitioning data and functions, which further can be used as templates for creating new copies of modules, if required. Therefore, it is an approach that facilitates in modularizing programs by constructing a partitioned memory area for data and functions. oop

Object-Oriented Concepts

Objects: It is considered as a variable of type class and an instance of a class.
Class: It is a set of objects of similar type. A complete set of data and code of an object creates an user-defined data type by using a class.
Data abstraction and encapsulation: Abstraction is nothing but a method of hiding background details and representing essential features. The encapsulation is a method of packing the data and functions into a single unit.
Inheritance: Inheritance is a technique of acquiring features of objects from one class to the other class objects. In other words, it helps in deriving a new class from the existing one.
Polymorphism: Polymorphism provides a method of creating multiple forms of a function by using a single function name.
Dynamic binding: It specifies that the code associated with a particular procedure is not known until the moment of the call at run time.
Message passing: This OOP concept enables interaction between different classes by transmitting and receiving information.

Definition of Procedure oriented programming(POP)

POP is a conventional way of programming. Procedural programming is where the primary focus is on getting the task done in sequential order. Flowchart organizes the flow of control of the program. If the program is extensive, it is structured in some small units called functions, which shares global data. Here, the concern of data security arises, as there is an unintentional change in the program by functions.

POP N

POP characteristics

While designing a program, POP follows a top-down programming approach.
Majority of the functions allows global data to be shared.
It also divides larger programs into smaller parts called as functions.
It allows a free data movement around the system from functions to functions.
Data is transformed by the functions from one form to another.
It gives importance to the concept of the functions.

Key Differences Between OOP and POP

POP is procedure-oriented programming while OOP is object-oriented programming.
The main focus of POP is on “how to get the task done” it follows the flow chart to get the task done. OOP’s main focus is on data security as only the objects of a class are allowed to access the attributes or function of a class.
The functions are small units of the large programs or a sub-program that execute to get the main task done. In contrast, OOP attributes and functions of the class are divided among the objects.
In POP, there is no specific accessing mode to access attributes or functions in the program. Conversely, in OOP there are three accessing modes “public”, “private”, “protected”, that are used as an accessing method to access attributes or functions.
POP does not support the concept of Overloading/polymorphism. On the contrary, OOP supports Overloading/Polymorphism, which means using the same function name for performing different functions. We can overload functions, constructor, and operators in OOP.
There is no concept of inheritance in POP whereas, OOP supports inheritance which allows using the attribute and functions of other class by inheriting it.
POP is less secure as compared to OOP because in OOP the access specifier limits the access to attributes or functions which increase the security.
In POP if some data is to be shared among all the functions in the program, it is declared globally outside all functions. While in OOP the data member of the class can be accessed through the member functions of the class.
In POP there is no concept of the friend function. As against, in OOP there is a concept of friend function which is not the member of the class, but because it is friend member it can access the data member and member functions of the class.
There is no concept of virtual classes in POP whereas in OOP, the virtual functions support polymorphism.

Advantages

POP (Procedure Oriented Programming)

Provides an ability to reuse the same code at various places.
Facilitates in tracking the program flow.
Capable of constructing modules.

OOP (Object Oriented Programming)

Objects help in task partitioning in the project.
Secure programs can be built using data hiding.
It can potentially map the objects.
Enables the categorization of the objects into various classes.
Object-oriented systems can be upgraded effortlessly.
Redundant codes can be eliminated using inheritance.
Codes can be extended using reusability.
Greater modularity can be achieved.
Data abstraction increases reliability.
Flexible due to the dynamic binding concept.
Decouples the essential specification from its implementation by using information hiding.

Disadvantages